The economic and social changes that happened in the country
starting from 1959 with the victory of the Cuban Revolution, they meant
the layout of high transformation goals under the economic structure,
the social conscience and the conditions of life of the people. The achievement
of such objectives has been supported during the last 40 years in the
firm political will of carrying out, next to the strategy to get the economic
development, a vast program of social politics that has comprised the
social security as one of its main sectors.
Antecedents
In 1958, 52 institutions worked, of social Security, denominated boxes
, funds , retirement boxes or insurances, classified then, in a document
of an existent official organism, the National Board of Economy, in jubilations
and pensions of the State", the professional insurances and workers
insurances. The régime of accidents of the work and the box of
labor maternity should be added.
With the changes that happened in the political and economic life of
the country the social security acquired a new sense. In this field the
objectives of the program comprised the financial attention immediately
to the funds of the existent social insurances to guarantee the execution
of their obligations without interruption and to longer terms, the covering
of all the risks, the extension of the protection to all the workers,
the concession of enough benefits, the rationalization and administrative
unit, the gratuity of the system and the creation of the illness insurance.
The purpose was to apply measures guided to begin a fair protection and
redistribution of the monetary funds in agreement with the socio-economic
line that characterizes the Government's immediate action. The country
faced situations that, still meaning an important growth of the social
expense, were specifically carried out without postponement.
The first steps were taken towards the organizational transformation
of the social insurances. Behind it stayed, the political interests that
had braked during years the unification. The new organization, based on
the unity principle, is carried out gradually.
The process begins in the labor sector, constituted by the social insurances
of more homogeneity. In May of 1959 the creation of the Bank of the Social
Insurances of Cuba was approved" (BANSESCU) as autonomous organism
in charge of the government and execution of the social insurances, to
the one that incorporated the twenty boxes of retirement of the expressed
sector, being extinguished the functions of its directories and transferred
the BANSESCU the patrimony of this institutions.
The objective was to assure the unity of the administration and to extend
the régime later to the workers lacking of help. A law of December
of 1959 prepared this last, incorporating 40% approximately of the active
population, although it was pending for later norms to establish the régime
of the new insured’s benefits.
In the month of September of 1962 and with the observations and assisting
suggestions that arose of the analysis and discussion carried out by the
workers, it was elaborated a Law whose application field extended to all
the workers definitively ,and more than 250 thousand agricultural workers
were comprised in the new system. Now the workers are protected in all
the contingencies, decorous pensions were fixed and appropriate subsidies
to the work and the worker's wage; it is also granted medical and hospital
attendance in the necessary cases.
The law 1100 of 1963 represented the culmination of the unifier process
and a singular moment in the application of the universality principles,
understanding and integrity in the System of Social Security.
The fundamental aspects regulated by the Law 1100 of 1963:
- Reaffirmed the responsibility of the State in the execution of the
derived obligations of the System of Social Security and the principle
of excuse of rates or other contributions for the worker and the pensioner.
- Enlarged the protection to 100% of the salaried workers, including
the salary earners of the field and its relatives.
- Established a coherent régime of benefits, articulating them
to assure its enjoyment without interruption.
- Enclosure among the covered contingencies the work accident and the
professional illness, abandoning the old theory of the professional
risk and adopting a social approach in the prevention, attendance and
rehabilitation.
- Embraced the maternity.
- Included in the field of the benefits, the common illness and the
accident of common origin whose social insurances that didn't exist
before in Cuba.
- Recognized to the ends of the social security the times of borrowed
services in any labor activity in all time.
The Law 1100 of 1963 only comprised to the worker and his/her family,
but now it was precise to conceive the social security as a system that
guaranteed the protection with the widest covering for the worker, his/her
family and also the population's part whose essential necessities were
not assured or that for his/her conditions of life or of health required
that protection and could not solve his/her difficulties without help
of the society.
Responding to it, the regulation of a system integrated by two régime
was conceived: that of social security and that of social attendance that,
on the whole, they formed a harmonic tone able to guarantee, as the expressed
thing the Constitution of the Republic that there is not disabled person
for the work that doesn't have decorous means of subsistence.
It is for it, that, on the 1st, January of 1980 it put on in vigor the
Law 24 of 1979. Its application field includes all the salaried workers,
and it covers the risks of common illnesses, accidents of common origin,
accident at work, professional illnesses, maternity, partial disability,
aging and death. Its content harmonizes with the régime of benefits
with the conditions of the social-economic development economic of the
country, and it assures a fairer distribution of the funds dedicated to
the social security. On the other hand, it confirms the principle of exempting
the worker of all rates and it reflects the administrative unity of the
régime.
The central functions related with the social security and the social
attendance are executed by the headquarters of Social Security and Social
Attendance, to which corresponds to elaborate and to propose the politics
in those fields, to direct and to administer the régime of social
security and to control the politics of social attendance with emphasis
in the projections, the development, the control and the decentralization
of functions that nationally share a great administrative work. Also they
are attributed functions related with the diffusion of the System of Social
Security and the exchange of information with the other countries; the
collaboration in the development and the formation of officials and technicians
in social security and social attendance; the application of the computing
technical in the statistics of social security and social attendance;
the projection of the expenses and elaboration of the preliminary design
of the annual budget of the social security and social attendance; the
execution and control of the approved budget; the solution of the long
term applications of pensions carried out by the workers and the population
in general; the solution of the resources that settle down against this
benefits and the surveillance and the control in the accuracy and interpretation
unity in the norms applied in the concession and payment of the short
term benefits. |
